District Baran was carved out of erstwhile Kota District on 10^th April 1991. The district got the name from the town Baran which is also the district hqts. The Baran district comes under two parliamentary constituencies namely Kota & Jhalawar. The district is divided in four assembly constituencies namely Baran, Kishanganj, Atru & Chhabra. The total area of the District is 6955.40 Sq.Km. out of which only 35.88 Sq.Km. is urban. The total forest area in the district is 2.15 Lacs Hect. The total population of the distirct is around 10,21,653 (as per 2001 population). Main dialect is Hadoti. The district Hqts. Baran city falls in the ‘C‘ Class category. The District has a tremendous scope for the rapid industrialisation, especially among agro-based industries. There are eight tehsils in the district namely Baran, Anta, Atru, Mangrol, Chhabra, Chhipabarod, Kishanganj & Shahabad. Best climate to visit the district is between September to November. The district is well connected with rail & road network. The Computerised reservation facility is available at railway station in Baran city. ATM faciltiy is available at SBBJ bank in the Baran city and collectorate. BSNL Mobile facility is available at Baran and Anta city.


History

Baran city was under Solanki Rajputs in the 14^th -15^th  century. It is not exactly known that when the main town of the twelve villages under Solanki's was being named as 'Baran'. There are several thoughts for it, like some says since it was formed by twelve villages so it is called 'Baran', others says since the city was built by the 12 nearby villagers so it is named as 'Baran'. There are also saying that since the soils of the area is mostly 'Barani' so it is called 'Baran'. In the year 1948, joint Rajasthan was formed and that time Baran was one of the districts in the joint Rajasthan. On 31st March' 1949, Rajasthan was reconstituted and that time Baran district headquarters was converted into Sub Division headquater of Kota district. It is also worth noting that 'Baran' in urdu means rain and no wonder that Baran has the second highest rainfall in the state after Banswara district.



Location & Geography

The district extends from 24-25' to 25-25' North latitudes, 76-12' to 77-26' east longitudes and 262 mts. altitude. Located on the south-east corner of Rajasthan and being adjacent to Shoepur, Shivpuri and Guna Districts of Madhya Pradesh(M.P.), it forms the boundary of Rajasthan State. It is bounded on North-West by Kota and on South-West by Jhalawar District of Rajasthan State. The maximum length of the district from North to South is 103 Kms. and maximum width from west to east is 104 Kms.

The land slopes gently northward from the high table land of Malwa in Madhya Pradesh. It is well watered, drained by rivers flowing in North and North-Eastern directions. There are hills in the South, North and Eastern portion of the district and it is generally fertile. There are hills in the east in Shahabad tehsil, having the highest point, named as Mamooni, which is 546 meters above mean sea level, in the district. These hills form part of Aravali Ranges. Their slopes are gently and steep and they are mostly covered by woods. The land of the district slopes gently from South to North and the drainage is through Chambal and its tributaries.


Climate

The district has a dry climate except in the monsoon seasons. The winter season runs from mid of November to February and summer season runs from March to mid of June. The period from mid of June to September is the monsoon season followed by the months October to mid of November constitute the post monsoon or the retreating monsoon. The average rainfall in the district is 854.5mm. January is the coldest month with the average daily maximum temperature of 24.3'C and the average daily minimum temperature of 10.6'C.


Minerals

Owing to the absence of metamorphic rocks, no metallic ore of importance except Bauxite occurs in the district. However a variety of non-metallic minerals are exposed, the important of them being sandstone and limestone. Besides, small deposits of red clay, glass-sand, dolomite and kankar are also found. The main mineral of the district is building stone.


Forest, Flora & Fauna

The forest covers an area of 2.15 lacs hectare of the district. These are mainly concentrated in the south-western and central portion of the Mukundra hills having rich forest belt. The main forest found of the district are Sagavan, Kher, Salan, Gargsari. Local wild animals are Panther, Sloth, Bear, Chital, Wild Bear, Chinkara, Samber, Langoor, Jackal etc. Birds found in the district are Bulbul, Sparrow, Peacock, Saras, Teetar etc. Among the poisonous snakes, Cobra, Passel and Viper are common. Water snakes are also seen near the tanks. Crocodiles are sometimes seen in the big tanks and in certain pools in Chambal & Kalisindh rivers.


Irrigation

The irrigation facilities available in the district are mainly in the form of Canals, Tubewells and Wells. The rivers namely Parvati, Kalisindh and Parwan provides an important source of canal irrigation.


Major Rivers

Kalisindh This is the important river of 'Hadoti' region. This river makes about 40 Km. western border of Mangrol tehsil after being merged with the Parvan river. This river is very uncertain for flood. A large bridge has been constructed on this river near 'Palaytha'. This bridge is said to be one of the largest bridges in the Rajasthan state.

Parvan This is the auxiliary river of the Kalisindh river which enters in the Baran district from the Southern part of the Harnavdashahaji kasba. From there, it maintains the South-Western border of the Chhipabarod, Atru, Baran and Mangrol tehsils and merged into the Kalisindh river.

Parvarti This is the main river of Baran district which is the auxiliary river of Chambal river. This enters in Baran from the Kariyahat kasba of Chhabra Tehsil from Madhya Pradesh. This partitioned the Kishanganj Tehsil from Chhabra, Atru, Baran and Mangrol Tehsils.

Andheri This river enters in Baran from nearby Chhipabarod. About 15 Km. bordering to Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, it merges in the Parvati river near Atru.

Ban-Ganga This is the rainy river which passes through Bamla and Sehrod in the southern part of Baran. It merges into the Parvati river after passing through the east of Baran city and west of Bohat & Mangrol Kasba.


Soil

Mainly Black-Kachari soil are found in the Baran and Mangrol tehsils which is highly fertile. Stony soil are found in the Southern & Eastern part of the district.